Kashmir Valley -
Historical Background
Geologists
believe that about ten crore years have passed
when Kashmir Valley which was once a lake called
Satisar, the lake of goddess Sati, came into its
present form.
For
hundreds of million years Kashmir Valley remained
under Tethya sea and the
high sedimentary-rock hills seen in the valley now
were once under water. Geologists have come to
believe that Kashmir Valley was earlier affected
by earthquakes. Once there was such a devastating
earthquake that it broke open the mountain wall at
Baramulla. and the water of the Satisar lake
flowed out leaving behind lacustrine mud on the
margins of the mountains known as karewas. Thus
came into existence
the oval but irregular Valley of Kashmir. The
karewas being in fact the remnants
of this lake confirm this view. The karewas are
found mostly to the west of the river Jhelum where
these table-lands attain a height of about 380
meters above the level of the Valley. These
karewas protrude towards the east and look like
tongue-shaped spurs with deep ravines.
Ancient
legends and popular traditions say that Samdimat
Nagar, capital of the kingdom of Sundra Sena, was
submerged as a result of an earthquake, and the
water that filled the area formed the Wular Lake,
the largest fresh water lake in India. The oldest
igneous rocks are still found at Shankaracharya
hill. When the whole Valley of Kashmir was under
water
this
hillock was the first piece of dry land lying in
the form of an igneous island.
Significance
of its name
Historians
say that Kashmir Valley was originally known as
Kashyapmar or the abode of Kashyap Rishi. It is said
that the Rishi once went on a pilgrimage to Kashmir.
When he reached Naukabandan near Kaunsarnag via
Rajouri, he killed Bahudev, the Giant of Satisar, at
the request of the people and let the water of the
lake flow out near Baramulla. The land, therefore,
came to be known as Kashyampar, which afterwards
changed into Kashmar and from Kashmar to Kashmir.
But some historians are of the opinion that when the
people of Kash caste settled here permanently the
valley came to be known as Kashmir. Kashmir is known
by many other names also. The Greeks called it
Kaspeiria, while the chinese named it Shie-in or Kia-Shi-Lo.
The Tibetans called its Kanapal and Dards named it
Kashart.